If CDAs are created in an unregulated environment, it may be more likely that a community will not have the capacity and competency protection of the Bougainville legislation. (2) See the ICMM (n.d.) for all the principles of sustainable development. The holder of a large-scale mining licence must contribute, in the development of the skilled communities concerned by its actions, to promote sustainable development (p.688), to improve the general interest and quality of life of the inhabitants, and to recognize and respect the rights, customs and traditions of local communities. (5) Subject to subsection (6), the holder of a large-scale mining leasing is required to conclude and implement community development agreements with all qualified communities that are ready to conclude a Community Development Agreement.19 (1) Author Evans et al. (2001) recommends an introduction to the mining industry and its growing role in local and sustainable development and its potential negative effects. , Richards (2009), Crowson (2003, 2007) and the various publications of the Mines, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) project. If, in the Secretary`s view, a qualified community entitled to a Community Development Agreement is unable to effectively negotiate a community development agreement, the holder of a large-scale mining lease helps to build this capacity, including the provision of these capacity building resources and the preparation of the qualified community. , as it should be in the current circumstances.10 The respective tasks of the government and oil companies with respect to the development of the municipality are complex and vary considerably from nation to nation. nation and project to project. There is a history of mines contributing to the development of the Community, from the development of business towns to the construction of schools and clinics, through the payment of locally collected property taxes, the provision of financing and training to local businesses and support for the local purchase of goods, services and personnel. In the area of political science, there has long been a dialogue on whether community development should be led by government or the private sector.1 At the heart of the argument is the question (p.675) of sustainability: the miner will eventually leave when the mine closes, but the government will remain and therefore its respective planning horizons and its long-term objectives may be quite different. In addition, miners are experts in the mining industry, while governments have experience in developing health, education and local infrastructure. Historically, miners tend to view local communities in terms of how the community can serve the mine, as a source of staff and housing, for example, and not how the mine can serve the community, which sometimes leads to unsustainable enclave development.
Regardless of the academic dispute over whether communal development should be directed by the government or by minors, most municipalities do not care in practice as long as there is a favourable development: 1. The holder of a small or large mining licence is required to have and implement a collective development agreement with the primary host community if or not its authorized mining exceeds one of the following limits. (p.687) If a mining law is to provide an egalitarian approach, it may try to provide coA benefits to a large number of small groups of different groups by requiring that these “sub-communities” be aggregated into a more manageable “qualified community” that is then a party to the CDA. Because the benefits of a CDA can be significant, there is a strong incentive for small communities to come together to form a qualified community for a CDA. The following example also comes from the Bougainville Autonomous Region of Papua New Guinea: it is a fundamental character of a new law that the “rules of the game” be changed, otherwise why not just maintain the existing legislation? When a country imposes CDA requirements in a new law, the political principle that this anfo